All Kinds of Rocks, Fossils

Fossil Giant

Truth Behind Dinosaur Fossils

Paleontology is the branch of biology that studies the forms of life that existed in the past geologic periods and eras, mainly by studying and scrutinizing of its remains, the fossils. Basically, fossils are those what is left and remnants of a dead animal or a plant that can be seen these days that has been ingenuously planted on rocks and other form of hard earthly surfaces.

Although, of course, it doesn't mean that the said "remains" are the real skeletons or the actual plant rather fossils can be a petrified product of the original and also be the imprints like footprints. Fossils are believed and considered to have been submerged on water before, for the reason of the belief of that the remains of animal or plant was first covered by a soft soil and after some times layers of it gathered on it, hardened, solidify and then were pressed on together by natural processes. The water that is made up of minerals goes through the layers and changed the plant or animal relics into a rock like appearance and features.

The most intriguing kinds are the dinosaur fossils. The name dinosaur is a derived word from Latin terms: deinos, which means, "Great;" sauros for "lizard;" and fossils meaning "dug up." Literally, it means "great lizard that was dug up." The occurrence of these things is not new to us anymore.

In fact, people have been finding dinosaur fossils for almost thousands of years. The very fist recorded finding of the existence of dinosaurs is most of it in England, through a British fossil finder named as William Buckland. It was in the year 1819 when he exposed his findings of Megalosaurus Bucklandii (Buckland's Giant Lizard) from England.

In the year1824, his discovery was named after him. However, earlier than this, Reverend Plot had discovered a very large femur bone during the year 1676 also in England. After careful studies, authorities imply that it may in fact have belonged to a dinosaur. Nevertheless, because there were past discoveries of enormous human skeletal remains that may range from 8 feet to 12 feet-tall many assumed that the discovery might have belonged to a very tall, almost a giant like human. However, during the year 1838, the entire dinosaur fossil was seen at New Jersey, USA by William Parker Foulke.

Out of curiosity, many people would hollow out information about the presence and occurrence of dinosaurs way back early times and this helped them become aware of their existence so the next fossil discovery was given enough attention. Also, dinosaur fossils were believed to be millions of Years Old, which were based on its geologic column, which dates fossils based on the rock's type, appearance, and formation where they are found.

These fossils are located all through the earth's sedimentary layers. Almost 95.0% of all earth's fossil recorded comes from the remains of marine invertebrates, 4.74% are from plants and estimate of 0.25% are land invertebrates and 0.0125% are a vertebrate. Among those vertebrates, the majority comes from fishes. Furthermore, those 95% vertebrates are found to have only one bone or less.

Through these dinosaur fossils, people of modern days are able to recognize that there are animals living here on earth even before the existence of the first man. This, in one way or another made us realize the importance of animals consequently believing that modern animals should be preserved as much as possible. These "leftovers" also give us a picture of what the earth looks like before now.

About the Author

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Global Warming

GLOBAL WARMING

1. INTRODUCTION

The term global warming is the minds of many, for several reasons. The Earth's climate is influenced by the energy sun. This energy heats the planet, which in turn radiates heat into space. However, much of this heat is retained by the gas greenhouse gases in our atmosphere varied as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide - and that'sa good thing. Without a gas that contributes to the effect natural greenhouse, life as we know it would not exist. The temperature would be similar to our airless moon, which go to 225 ° F during the day negative to 243 ° F at night. Obviously, this is not an environment conducive to life. However, due to greenhouse gases, the average temperature Earth is 60 ° F. Comfortable However, problems arise when the concentration of these greenhouse gases increase.

Warming Climate may occur for a variety of causes, both natural and artificial. Therefore, it is the RESPONSIBILITY of every individual in the universe protect the land warming.

2. CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

The causes of global warming are:

• Natural causes

• Human-induced causes

Natural causes

• Natural factors such as changes in solar intensity or slow changes of the orbit earth around the sun.

• the natural processes of the climate system (eg changes in ocean circulation)

Human-induced causes

There are two main reasons as follows:

• Emission of greenhouse gases

• Deforestation

2 .1 The emission of greenhouse gases

The emission of greenhouse gases that trap infrared sun, (ozone layer) in the atmosphere Earth, which in turn heat the atmosphere.

The main gases that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions are carbon di-oxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

Chart - 1

Table-1 shows the percentage of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere different.

The sectoral analysis of emissions of greenhouse gases is as follows:

1

Power plant

-

21.3%

2

Industrial Processes

-

16.8%

3

Fuels for transport

-

14%

4

Agricultural products

-

12.5%

5

fossil fuel extraction, processing and distribution

-

11.3%

6

Residential, commercial and other sources

-

10.3%

7

The use land and biomass burning

-

10%

8

Sewerage and treatment

-

3.4%

Table - 1

From Table-1 shows that 95% of climate change (global golbal) is caused by man alone.

2 .2 Deforestation:

Deforestation is the underlying cause for climate change. Deforestation releases as much carbon di-oxide atmosphere.

The results of deforestation:

• soil moisture before forestry geodetic

• Dramatic increase in extreme temperatures

• Wet Wet desert area changes.

• No water recycling

• Less carbon di-oxide of nitrogen and exchange

• More desertification

• Soil erosion

3. Effects of global warming

1. Global warming has increased of the earth's average temperature of the surface of the melt and therefore the polar ice. There are frequent melting glaciers causing floods and other natural calamities. Melting polar ice has reduced the mean sea level and increase in temperature can melt the ice and produce a further increase mean sea level, which engulf low-lying country.

The global temperature could increase up to four degrees by century's end. Because of this warming, the sea level could rise by an average of up to 30 inches.

In 2003, extreme heat waves caused more than 20,000 deaths in Europe and more than 1,500 deaths in India.

The graph shows the increase in global average temperature of the previous century.

Chart - 2

2. The effect of global warming is very evident in the animal kingdom too. Some animals have disappeared because of their natural habitat loss or inability to evolve to changing Rapid climate. Also there is a change in lifestyle due to changes in the seasons. Migratory birds have changed the date and place of travel migration.

Examples: Polar bears live in the Arctic and are totally dependent on sea ice is disappearing faster than expected. Bears are so troubled by rapid changes in climate cycles. Penguins face a similar situation. A few years ago, when two giant icebergs broke the ice of Antarctica, which blocked the road to their breeding colonies to their feeding grounds. Therefore, had to walk thirty miles to obtain additional food. Not an easy task, given that the average speed of penguin is one mile per hour.

3. The effect of warming climate is felt in stations as well. No change in the cycle of seasons, summers are growing winter. This has affected animals and made them change their lifestyles accordingly, and those who are dead or on the brink of extinction.

4. Because of global warming Climate Earth's atmosphere is becoming more unpredictable, with heavy rainfall in areas with low rainfall or drought in areas that received good rains. The month of rain has also affected get.

5. Global warming is also responsible for the introduction of new diseases. The bacteria are more efficient and divide more rapidly at temperatures higher compared to low temperatures. The temperature increase caused an increase in pathogens.

6. Global warming is also agricultural production, crops are destroyed by the sudden change in temperature or sudden throughout the rainy season. In addition, floods and other natural disasters affect the crop.

7. Global warming does not create no hurricanes, but it makes them stronger and more dangerous. Because the ocean warms, tropical storms can be more energy and become more powerful.

8. Global warming could make large areas of the world uninhabitable and cause massive food and water shortages, leading to migration and war in general.

4. Effects of global warming FUTURE OF INDIA

• Each has 38% of normal water during 2030.

• Approximately 50 million people live in the coastal region will change his residence in other regions before 2100.

• Food production has been reduced to 30% in the future. minimum rainfall, drought resulting in water.

• Because of icebergs melting in the Himalayas Ganges and the Yamuna will be dry.

• The area of glaciers on the Tibetan plateau region is reduced to one lakh lakh sq.metre sq.metre from 5 to during 2030.

5. Our role to curb global warming

5.1. use Reduce fossil fuel

The main cause of global warming is carbon dioxide released when burning fuel fossil fuels like oil and coal are burned to produce energy. Thus, when energy savings, to fight against global climate (and save money, of course). Here are some simple steps you can take:

The use of bulbs compact fluorescent

• Inflate tires

• Buying a fuel efficient car: A car that gets 20 miles per gallon emits about 50 tons of carbon dioxide during its lifetime. A 40 mpg car emits half of the property.

• Change Our air filter

• The recycled paper

• Buy minimally packaged

Taking shorter showers

Chart - 3

5.2. Improving sources and use of renewable energy

No fossil fuel consumption by using renewable energy sources. Affect not the atmosphere. We must therefore use of renewable energy in certain domestic and industrial applications where possible.

Some of main sources of renewable energy for electricity generation are:

• Wind

• Light sun

• Water

5.3. Forest

Even if a side reduced use of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources, which are unable to control global warming. The reason behind this is deforestation. Afforestation is the primary way to increase the absorption of carbon di-oxide into the atmosphere. Trees absorb carbon di-oxide and make the clean air you breathe. Therefore, everyone should have to plant trees and the government should take measures to avoid deforestation.

Control emissions of 5.4 acid

In recent years, the United Kingdom and other governments have taken serious steps to reduce emissions of acid gases. desulphurisation plant is installed in power many catalytic converters are mandatory on new cars. Unfortunately, these two measures can reduce fuel is used, therefore, for a given power, increasing emission of carbon dioxide. The real solution is to reduce consumption fossil fuels by reducing our dependence on cars and electricity do we need. In the short term, you change "Clean" fossil fuels such as natural gas, it can certainly help reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide, but no, emissions, Unfortunately, just as important oxides of nitrogen.

6. CONCLUSION

For example, warming warming, acid rain, depletion of the ozone layer and pollution of ground-level ozone, pose a serious threat to quality life of the land. They seem to be separate issues, but, as noted, there are links between each. By reducing our dependence on fossil fuels that help prevent both acid rain and global warming. With adequate reforestation can help reduce the effects of acid rain, while at the same time increase the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As for ozone, the answer is simple: stop the manufacture and use of CFCs and HCFCs, a measure which, fortunately, and governments to take measures to secure.

REFERENCES

1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fourth Assessment Report.

2. A report by the National Council of American defense.

3. ISRO report on climate change.

About the Author

 

 

MY DETAILS

NAME : BOOPATHI.S

FATHER'S NAME : SRINIVASAN.M

MOTHER'S NAME : JEYAKKODI

DOB : 15/01/1991

ADDRESS:12/82 , NEW STREET,

VENNANDUR,

RASIPURAM TALUK,

NAMAKKAL DISTRICT,

TAMILNADU STATE,

INDIA.

MOBILE:0991691157(BANGALORE),09790461103(TAMILNADU)

EMAIL :boopathitexx08@yahoo.co.in;boopathi.srinivasan@shahi.co.in

EDUCATION:DIPLOMA IN TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

in THIAGARAJAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,

SALEM,TAMILNADU STATE,INDIA.

 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (COSTUME DESIGN & FASHION)

in BHARATHIYAR UNIVERSITY,

COIMBATHORE,TAMILNADU STATE,INDIA.

WORK : WORKING IN SHAHI EXPORTS PRIVATE LTD ,BANGALORE

as JUNIOR EXECUTIVE IN FABRIC SOURCING DEPARTMENT.

BEFORE THAT I WORKED IN PREMIER SPINNING AND WEAVING

MILSS,HOSUR AS PRODUCTION OFFICER

HOBBIES:READING BOOKS,PLAYING CRICKET,LISTENING MUSIC,

SURFING IN NET,CHATTING WITH FRIENDS,TRAVELLING,

MAKING FRIENDS,DREAMING ABOUT FUTURE,WRITING LYRICS

AND ESSAYS and Articles ...